Urban Water Cycle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Urban Water Cycle - Essay Example Most urban centers receive their supply of water from a definite water entity such as a river, lake or a dam. The land area that surrounds the water source is its catchment. The level of cleanliness of a catchment area determines the water quality of the dam or river. A town that uses a dam or several dams as water reservoirs will receive water from rivers. In this regard, the state of the river will determine the water quality that enters the dam. The dam is the storage point for the water from rivers. It is normally built adjacent to a river to block a section of the flowing water and store it. It is from the dam that the urban population receive reliable water supply for their use. Although the water in the dam might look clear, it is not fit for human consumption yet. This is because it contains pollen, soil particles and dust. These particles contain viruses, bacteria together with several other microorganisms that can be harmful to human health. To remove these microorganisms, the water from the dam is first processed in a water treatment plant prior to its use. The water goes through some specific stages and steps at the treatment plant. Such stages include pre treatment, flocculation, filtration and chemical dosing. At the pre treatment level, a polymer called coagulant and alum is added to the water. The substances help to capture the solid particles that provide host to bacteria and viruses. The water free of the particles remains less turbid and clean. At the flocculation level, there is the removal of solid particle from the water. Mixing and circulation occurs for the solid particles captured in the pre treatment step to float on top in the form of froth. At the filtration level, the water is pumped through filters to get rid of the remaining particles. Finally, there is the addition of chlorine to get rid of the remaining microorganisms or germs, if any at the chemical dosing stage. This stage also involves the addition of fluorine for teeth prote ction and the adjustment of the pH level of the water.     After the above stages of treatment, the bulk main pipes supply carries the treated water to reservoirs allowing its distribution into smaller pipes into households. The reservoirs help the water stored to adjust with the changing demands. It also assists in the management of the pressure from users so that it flows to taps at expected speeds. Reservoirs can be either above or below the ground. The reservoirs supply water into homes through the service lines than branch from the mains pipe. After use at home, the water goes down the drain from where it enters the network of wastewater. The wastewater then flows into the sewerage system.

The Story of Us Essay Example for Free

The Story of Us Essay The film â€Å"The Story of Us† that we have watched last week gave me the full of insights and learned how difficult a marriage could be. This movie was about the story of a couple married for about fifteen years and from their perfect marriage, it almost ends up to divorce. They have two children that through them they still pretend as good parents even if their relationship is not working anymore. They decided to send their children to a summer camp so they can start their trial separation before telling it to their kids. In the end, because they still love each other and also for the best of their children, they had chosen to be strong and set aside all the detestation and hatred from them. People may engage into marriage thru various reasons. The majority of it is usually because of legal and social aspects. But the reality is that a person is not only associated to emotional or a feeling to someone but also it is the spiritual and religious aspects that lead to marriage. For me, a person who entered into a relationship with someone should be committed to the person he loved so the partnership between them will be strong and the marriage will be eternal. Marriage for me is not just a formal contract or agreement of two persons who love each other which is usually followed by a wedding ceremony. It is really important for me because it does not only show how relationship works but it is instituted and destined by God for the permanent relationship between a man and a woman. My point of view towards relationship to a good marriage is that it should not be developed according to our anticipation. With the conformity of a husband and wife that are married, they should not be separated and will stand for every hardship that they will encounter. As shown in the movie, like what almost happened to Ben and Katie Jordan in the film was because of misunderstandings and the exchange of throbbing with each other. There are lots of couples nowadays that encountered similar problems like this. They also run into a situation that a couple cannot stand each other anymore which mostly ends up to divorce. Some of the couples may reconcile and choose to stay what is ordained while thers may lead to worst thing like separation or divorce. This film had given me lot of insights on the views of marriage. I can say that this movie made me realized that in order for a marriage to work well it is important that couples should learn how to reconcile and accept the love of their partners despite of their dissimilarities. People choose to marry the person they like not just because of feelings, affection or likeness to their spouse but because they fated their love to God and willingness to accept all the differences of their partner. I have learned that not all marriage will lead to lifelong relationship unless they truly love and vowed to each other. I also recognized that not all relationships are perfect thus we should continue ourselves to be loyal, devoted and still faithful to love ones. This film also taught me on what we should do or the best thing to perform if a situation happened in the marriage life like this. Also, we should learn how to accompany with others and to forgive and forget the mistakes of a person you love which will direct into a good marriage life.

Mahashian di hatti limited | Analysis

Mahashian di hatti limited | Analysis INTRODUCTION Mahashian Di Hatti Limited is an INDIAN manufacturer, distributor and exporter of ground spices and spice mixtures under the brand name MDH. It specializes in several unique traditional blends of spices suitable for different recipes (Chana Masala for chickpeas, for example). The company was founded in 1919 by Mahashay Chuni Lal as a small shop in Sialkot. It has since grown in popularity all over India, and exports its products to several countries. It is associated with Mahashay Chuni Lal Charitable Trust HISTORY Mahashay Chuni Lal started the enterprise in Sialkot (now in Pakistan) on April 13, 1919. In a few years, the spices became very famous and they came to be known as Deggi Mirch Wale (the Pot Chilli People), after the name of one of their famous spice mixtures. After the partition of India, Mahashay Dharam Pal, the son of the founder, shifted to Delhi and opened up his shop at Ajmal Khan Road, Karol Bagh under the banner Mahashian Di Hatti of Sialkot (Deggi Mirch wale). The name Mahashian Di Hatti means the Shop of the Magnanimous in Punjabi GROWTH The company initially relied on hand-ground spices, but has since shifted to automated machines, with a capacity of producing 30 tonnes of packaged spices in a day. There are large fully automatic manufacturing plants at Delhi, Gurgaon (Haryana), Nagpur (Rajasthan), Ghaziabad (Uttar Pradesh) and Amritsar (Punjab). It has now a network of over 1000 wholesalers and over 4 lakh retail dealers in India. It was ranked 490th among the unlisted Indian companies in 2000-01. MDH pioneered the marketing of powdered spice mixtures in handy attractive packages. It has been co-opted as member of several committees of the Bureau of Indian Standards. In the last few years, the Exports Division of the company has started exporting the spices to several countries including UK, other European countries, Canada, United States, Japan and Switzerland FAMOUS PRODUCTS The MDH brand name is very well known throughout India. The products sold under the brand name include single spices (such as chili, coriander and turmeric) as well as blended spice mixtures. There are over 45 products available in over 100 different packages. The more famous ones are Chana Masala (for chickpeas), Sambar Masala (for Sambar), Kitchen King (for vegetables), Chunky Chaat Masala (for chaat), Garam Masala (hot spice, multi-purpose) and Chicken Masala. In addition to spices, it also manufactures incense sticks, Ayurvedic tooth powder and havan samagri, a mixture for Hindu ritual sacrifices. PRODUCTS We offer a wide and comprehensive range of products, which include: Wheat Flour SPECIES INCENSE STICKS AYURVEDIC INFRASTRUCTURE We are empowered with a state-of-the-art infrastructure, requisite technology, efficient transport facilities and superb working environment. We possess a spacious warehouse which can store large quantities of products. We are backed by a well-qualified and technical team of astute technocrats, business oriented professionals and diligent workers, who are highly experienced and have a thorough knowledge in the relevant field. The team is capable of sourcing large volumes of products to satisfy the customer demands and specifications. We possess one of Asias largest Wheat Flour Manufacturing Plant which is installed in our in-house production unit. We have the capacity to produce 3000 mt. Wheat Flour as per the European Standards on daily basis. Our wide network of distributors and suppliers are scattered all over the globe ensuring the customers of safe, smooth and punctual delivery of products. BUSINESS MISSION We will strive as a corporation,to gain trust from customers and continue to grow in strength. Make an effort on a daily basis to keep every customer satisfied,by offering every area of business, competitive products and services of superior quality thereby contributing to society. Having mutually satisfying interactions with customers through products Not being content with the present reality, continually striving for betterment and improvement, and accepting the challenge t Creating an environment in which each individual can apply their greatest strengths, an environment in which results will be evaluated correctly, and in these contexts, using our collective strengths to the fullest. Continuing to act in righteous ways, as good members of society MARKETING OBJECTIVE Strengthening brand name competitiveness With consumer requirements of tasty, safe and convenient as a basis, detailed analytical assessment of changing consumer demand is becoming vitally important in the food industry. Hereafter, in addition to guaranteeing quality and taste, MDH will analyze market data even to the extent of product quantity and shape, in hopes of predicting forthcoming trends and reflect these in the development of new products SITUATION ANALYSIS Growing interest in healthy eating and convenience has set the pace for this growth. Consumers have been boosting their consumption of whole grains. At the same time, they are buying more highly processed convenience foods like sandwiches, pizzas, and tortillas which often contain large amounts of flour. This situation reflects a turnaround in flours fortunes. . . Types of Flour Wheat flour is the primary grain product consumed in the United States. Thats apparent in the wide variety of food products prepared from flour: packaged flour for home baking, bakery mixes, breads, cakes, cookies, crackers, and pastas. Flour is also used in breakfast cereals, gravies, and soups. Overall, products classified in the bread and cake industry Roller flour mills, producing wheat products like atta, maida and suji are struggling for survival, since wheat has vanished from the markets in india such as uttar Pradesh. Many mills have closed down while others were running at less then 50 per cent of their total capacity utilisation. The total annual installed capacity of Uttar Pradesh was 40 lakh million tonne at one time. COMPETITOR ARE; Shakti bhog 10-15% market share Annapurna 40% market share Pillsbury approx 5-10% These are the competitors of MDH aata as we see Annapurna has the leading market share as number one brand so for to compete with we use latest technology so that amount of vitamins,minerals maintains a high rate. TECHNOLOGY The machines used by us is of latest technology which made good quality aata which is free from moisture,humidity contains an appropriate amount of vitamins, proteins starch carbohydrates which is useful for customer. For to satisfy the customer needs we take care so that cost reduces profit increases with quality of product. SWOT ANALYSIS The strengths, weaknesses opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis provides a snapshot of MDH AATAinternal strengths weaknesses and external opportunities and threats. STRENGTHS 1MDH is Indias largest industry producing spices having a prestigious image in the mind of consumers. RD expenditure is very high in all other existing segments as well as for its MDH aata. Shri Dharmpal ji the Founder of MDH is extremely knowledgeable, personally and financially dedicated to making the business a success. ‘ Just In Time Production Active and committed advisory council. Well developed distribution network. WEAKNESSES Though it has considerable anecdotal information the company is lacking of marketing research. Internal dispute among its subsidiary companies OPPORTUNITIES To capture the market share as using the latest technology.. MDH which is new for Indian Flour industry Government policies like the automatic approval for FDI up to 100% Introduction of new products Online activities, online buying 6 .Easy availability of credit, lower interest rate and higher consumer confidence and gradual recovery witnessed in business cycle. THREATS The major threat comes from rich and big competitors who dominate the Indian market. From companies like Annapurna having market share more than 40% TARGET MARKET STRATEGY As MDH producing its new product that is aata so it has to target the market where he lacks .generally branded aata is purchased in urban region not in rural area.So it our target to capture the market rural as well as urban so that we cater the needs and provide satisfication to customer along with getting market share. And to provide the goods and services in the region where lacks so that market size increases. VALUE CONSIOUS Those that are looking for the ideal combination of high fuel economy and low maintenance cost in long run at an affordable price. All three groups are likely to be exposed to the same degree of outdoor and ambient advertising. It is difficult to estimate the exact size of each group, but most buyers will be a mix of all three and not only one reason will motivate a purchase. The overall size of these groups is probably fairly small and will explain why products are not more common yet. CAMPAIGN OBJECTIVES Objectives are important to clarify and set an objective set of targets that ought to be achieved by the planned actions. Objectives exist on three levels; Corporate, marketing and communication. Corporate objective can be summarized as shareholder wealth maximization and is ultimately achieved through higher profits and increased sales. Marketing objectives are the successful introduction of a Marketing communication activities are a vital part in achieving the above two and have to be Coordinated with all other company activities (production, sales, purchasing). Strengthening the relationship with the MDH brand. Increase the consideration of MDH when planning to purchase flour. The target market should be reached as fully as possible Customer and Consumers have to be made aware of a new product and its brand name. PUBLIC RELATIONS â€Å"The development and maintenance of good relationships with different public groups†. Public relations are useful because they enjoy a high credibility at a low cost, but the exact message cannot be controlled. This communication form will be of major importance for the MDH campaign as many buyers draw their information from the media. Personal selling is very important because a car is a high involvement product and affords more Conviction for purchase which is given by PS. personal selling will be carried out by the local dealers who in advance should have been trained to be familiar with the MDH Atta (dealership launch material, conferences) and its advantages and how to overcome objections. CREATIVE STRATEGY The MDH Atta offers features that no other product offers. These unique selling points should be emphasized in the promotions and any barriers to purchase are weakened at the same time (unique selling Proposition strategy). To appeal to the target market promotions should promote the car and its users to be innovative imaginative, bold, intelligent, revolutionary and pioneering. It would make sense to create different executions to target one of the three mindsets identified in the target market and emphasizing their reasons to buy and refute their individual barriers to buy. MARKETING MIX PRODUCT As product is sum total of tangible and intangible attributes including productdesign, style,size, quality, colour,brand name ,labeling etc. So we produce the product in such a way which has all the qualities so that customer takes the proper benefit. Here in case of aata we produce it in such a way so that it carry all the features of good product.. PLACE/DISTRIBUTION Place is the distribution mix. It is concerned with the smooth flow of goodsandservices from the producer to consumer by creating time, place and possession utility. It signifies two things namely physical distribution and the channels of distribution.It also includes transportation, warehousing, inventory control,wholeselling etc. So we create the utility in such a way so that there is proper distribution of goods.. PRICE Price is the value of a product expressed in terms of money.It is a matter of vital importance to the buyer or seller.Exchange of goods and services takes place when buyer is willing to purchase at the proper price. As in case of this aata we set the price in such a way so that it will low then the competitor price and it is of better quality. We set the price in such a way so that their will be proper profit margin, considering the terms of credit and other policies. PROMOTION SALES PROMOTION Monetary incentives to buy, is most effective to trigger a decision or purchase. SP is useful at the beginning of the product life cycle to increase acceptance or provoke a trial. MDH is selling the aata beneath its production cost. However an additional third party sales promotion mechanism has been put into place: Power shift, a government backed agency, To get the biggest benefit out of this MDH should advertise this fact. Otherwise SP should be used spontaneously once a slowdown in sales can be detected (PLC). ADVERTISING a paid form of non-personal mass communication from an identified sponsor, should be the major communication mix ingredient for this campaign. Advertising is controllable, but expensive esp. TV. Advertising can be used to increase awareness, create interest and inform about MDH AATA USPs. Customers or consumer are reached by placing adverts in their target media. Direct mail in the form of newsletters can useful for this campaign to create awareness (pre launch) and inform or offer of opportunity to book a test drive. MDH has already a database in place but can also buy further data. Direct mail is also important when targeting the corporate buyers and provides them with detailed information about the MDH. PACKAGING Packaging is supposed to be the fifth P in marketing. After product, price, place and promotion, packaging is the element which holds the maximum importance in the marketing of a product. As majority of the purchase decisions are made in store, we ensure that our products are attractively packed so as to capture the attention of the buyers. Our products are packaged in different quantities depending upon the different segment and market. MARKETING RESEARCH Good marketer wants insight to help them interpret past performance as well as plan future activities. They need timely, accurate and actionable information about consumers competition and their brands .they also need to make the best possible tactical decisions in the long run. Discovering a consumer insight and understanding its marketing implication can often lead to a successful product launch or spur the growth of the brand. MDHis doing extensive marketing research to understand consumers preferences and also the competitors strategies. It has a separate RD department which conducts online as well as offline surveys to know what consumers think about its offerings and what are their feedbacks The financial objective is to be financially solvent within the first two years of operation. The various expenditure on various operational activities are as follow- Online advertising; button and banner advertising on automotive websites and on online sites of target media Rs 1, 000, 000 Direct Mail news Letter Rs 500000 TV short Rs 3,00000 Print Rs 3, 00000 Outdoor RS 1, 00000 Sponsorship of MDH target group relevant events, celebrity Endorsement Sales Promotion, to be Confirmed Rs 20000000 Other: Promotions Sales Promotion Personal Dealer activity absorbed in Overheads Testing end of campaign Evaluation Rs 20000000 First year total: Rs 4,00000000.Second year total: Rs 3,00000000 .Third year total; Rs 2,000,00000 Considering the small target group of the MDH and the small projected sales figures a budget of Rs 9million over three years seems appropriate, however I would recommend reallocating the budget. That way the launch period communications can be intensified. Three years are also likely to correspond to the Product of this since car manufacturer have increased their output to keep demand high. ORGANSATIONAL STRUCTURE AND PLAN As well established company Reliance currently has many members on its staffs. However its automobile section is new. As this section matures into a stable and profitable organization the need for employees will grow. The first forseeable employee need is in the area of sales. The plan is to hire salespersons in early 2009 to allow Mr. Dharmpal ji to continue his consulting on a regular basis ,while at the same time ensuring a steady supply of for continued development efforts. To obtain the financial flexibility needed to manage its cash flow successfully the company has made contractors a significant component of its workforce SALES OBJECTIVE Sales of Rs 350,000,0 by the end of 2009,sales of Rs 1 million by the year 2011 and by the year 2013 sales of Rs 3 billion SUMMARY The recommended marketing and communications strategy that makes use of advertising, PR, new media and direct mail. Personal selling will be provided by the existing network of local dealers. Advertising will use TV, Print and outdoor media to initiate purchases. The Internet will play an important role for both advertising and direct mail, using a modern medium to underline the advanced character of this aata. However that this plan so far is only a model/ plan, and not definitive, it can and is likely to change esp. if pre or post-testing give negative results. Before realizing the proposed action a long planning period with frequent meetings of all parties is necessary to ensure the integrity and unanimous messages of the campaign. REFRENCES Financial Times 1999 2001. Various issues. Key Note. 2002. The Green Ethical Consumer. Market Assessment. Varey, Richard. 2002. Marketing Communication. London: Routledge. 4. Pickton, David and Broderick, Amanda. 2001. Integrated Marketing Communications. Harlow:Prentice Hall 5. Fitzgerald, Maureen and Arnott, David. 2000. Marketing Communications Classics. London: Business Press, Thomson Learning Westwood, John. 1990. The Marketing Plan. London: Kogan Page Limited.

Free College Admissions Essays: Emerging from the Shadows :: College Admissions Essays

Emerging from the Shadows She stands a staggering 5 feet 2 inches tall, weighs a massive 95 pounds, and has short, brown hair and brown eyes. I see my older sister Leslie. Others see a model of perfection. Don't get me wrong, my sister and I are close and have been inseparable since birth. My mother has kept pictures of us ranging from the time we shared a playpen as babies to just recently at Leslie's graduation. For seventeen years, we've shared every life experience imaginable, and we've dealt with the trials and tribulations that come with growing up. But in September, she left home to attend the University of California at Irvine, leaving me to face life alone. However, it gave me the opportunity to live life by myself as Ryan, instead of Leslie's little brother. Since the beginning, I have gone to the same school as Leslie, and almost every year I got stuck with a teacher that she had had the previous year. Being only eleven months younger than my sibling made the memory of Leslie, being the bright student that she is, easier for my teachers to recall. Every September for eleven years I was greeted by all of my teachers with the same "Oh you're Leslie's little brother." This was really no big deal. The following year, my fifth grade teacher said to me, "Oh you're Leslie's little brother?" This normally did not faze me since it happened to me several times before with different people, but on this occasion, it was the same person. This upset me a little. At first this association with my scholarly sister did not bother me too much. If anything I found it beneficial because I believed that it would help me build relationships with my teachers. But with each passing year, the little comments and remarks literally ate away at my identity. Comments like "You did good, but Leslie got a better grade last year," can easily destroy a child's self-esteem. As I became older, I started believing that I was not growing up as myself, but rather as the product of someone else. It almost made me happy to see older teachers leave and others take their place. Unfortunately, school made up only half of the problem. The other half occurred in the one place where it really should not but often did: at home. Free College Admissions Essays: Emerging from the Shadows :: College Admissions Essays Emerging from the Shadows She stands a staggering 5 feet 2 inches tall, weighs a massive 95 pounds, and has short, brown hair and brown eyes. I see my older sister Leslie. Others see a model of perfection. Don't get me wrong, my sister and I are close and have been inseparable since birth. My mother has kept pictures of us ranging from the time we shared a playpen as babies to just recently at Leslie's graduation. For seventeen years, we've shared every life experience imaginable, and we've dealt with the trials and tribulations that come with growing up. But in September, she left home to attend the University of California at Irvine, leaving me to face life alone. However, it gave me the opportunity to live life by myself as Ryan, instead of Leslie's little brother. Since the beginning, I have gone to the same school as Leslie, and almost every year I got stuck with a teacher that she had had the previous year. Being only eleven months younger than my sibling made the memory of Leslie, being the bright student that she is, easier for my teachers to recall. Every September for eleven years I was greeted by all of my teachers with the same "Oh you're Leslie's little brother." This was really no big deal. The following year, my fifth grade teacher said to me, "Oh you're Leslie's little brother?" This normally did not faze me since it happened to me several times before with different people, but on this occasion, it was the same person. This upset me a little. At first this association with my scholarly sister did not bother me too much. If anything I found it beneficial because I believed that it would help me build relationships with my teachers. But with each passing year, the little comments and remarks literally ate away at my identity. Comments like "You did good, but Leslie got a better grade last year," can easily destroy a child's self-esteem. As I became older, I started believing that I was not growing up as myself, but rather as the product of someone else. It almost made me happy to see older teachers leave and others take their place. Unfortunately, school made up only half of the problem. The other half occurred in the one place where it really should not but often did: at home.

Why advertising is an ethical problem Essay -- essays research papers

Why is advertising an ethical problem? †¢ If it is, it is because it is often intrusive, deceptive, or manipulative -- or, at least, this is what people say about it. †¢ Another problem is the money and resources devoted to advertising; billions are spent each year (around $500 billion in fact) that, perhaps, could go to education, health care, research, reforestation, or other worthy causes. We'll come back to this, but first we look at the problem of deception. †¢ Could argue that it distorts our whole economy; it is not merely that we are bombarded by it all the time, but may even impede certain important functions such as free debate. What gets published in newspapers and journals often becomes a function of what advertisers are willing to support. Advertising also has an indirect but powerful impact on society through its influence on media. Many publications and broadcasting operations depend on advertising revenue for survival. This often is true of religious media as well as commercial media. For their part, advertisers naturally seek to reach audiences; and the media, striving to deliver audiences to advertisers, must shape their content so to attract audiences of the size and demographic composition sought. This economic dependency of media and the power it confers upon advertisers carries with it serious responsibilities for both. PROS†¦. a) Economic Benefits of Advertising 5. Advertising can play an important role in the process by which an economic system guided by moral norms and responsive to the common good contributes to human development. Advertising does this, among other ways, by informing people about the availability of rationally desirable new products and services and improvements in existing ones, helping them to make informed, prudent consumer decisions, contributing to efficiency and the lowering of prices, and stimulating economic progress through the expansion of business and trade. b) Benefits of Political Advertising Political advertising can make a contribution to democracy analogous to its contribution to economic well being in a market system guided by moral norms. So political advertising can make its contribution by informing people about the ideas and policy proposals of parties and candidates, including new candidates not previously kn... ...lve the use of subliminal messages Apply normative principles Business people could be introduced to different systems of ethical analysis., for example, refers to four normative first principles that he believes should be taught: i. The Utilitarian Principle: Act in a way that results in the greatest good for the greatest number. ii. Kant's Categorical Imperative: Act in such a way that the action taken under the circumstances could be a universal law or rule of behavior. iii. Personal Justice: Act so the least advantaged members of society will be benefited to some extent. iv. Personal Liberty: Act so the ability of other members of society to lead lives of self-fulfillment and self-development will be maximized Good ethics is Good business While this appears an admirable sentiment which would ensure ethical conduct, some writers take a far more cynical view, and argue that some corporations may be more concerned with public relations than action; "they want to appear good, not be good". On the other hand, this option does seem the most likely to lead to ethical behavior, even if the hypothesized links between profitability and ethical behavior are suspect.

Building effective technical skills

Chief operating officer The organization is headed by the COO. All the department heads will be reporting to him. The activities of all departments will be assessed and approved by him. 1. Legal & Statutory department: This department is represented by the Manager – Regulatory affairs. He will take care of all regulatory registrations, their renewals, their compliances, disputes arising due to non compliances, etc. He will be a line employee reporting to the COO. 2. Human Resources Department: Manager – HRD is the head of this department.He is a line employee who takes care of recruitment, training, remunerations, discipline, appraisals, outsourced services, etc. An Officer- HR, a staff employee reports to the Manager – HR. He takes care of time office, salaries and wages, documentation, coordination with other departments, etc. 3. Finance Department: Manager – Finance is the head of the department. He is a line employee taking care of budgeting, fund plan ning, taxations, accounting, auditing, etc. He is assisted by an accountant, a staff employee, who takes care of documentation, cash flow, ledger maintenance, day book maintenance, etc.Cashier, a staff employee takes care of billings, cash transactions, cash deposition, etc. He reports to the Manager – Finance. 4. Sales & Marketing Department: Manager – Sales & Marketing heads the department. He is a line employee taking care of market research, planning, promotions, advertisements, store design & set up, sales, customer feedbacks and complaints, etc Building effective technical skills 04 Executive – Market Research, a line employee having a sound knowledge about the type of books reports to Manager – Sales & Marketing. He utilizes his skills to forecastcustomer requirements and identify an adapted product mix from time to time. Executive – Media is a line employee, reporting to the Manager – Sales & marketing, taking care of media and magaz ine advertisements, promotional programs, etc. Executive – Stores Operations, a line employee, reports to the manager – Sales & Marketing. He is responsible for the store design, displays, maintenance, etc. He co ordinates with the Inventory department to organize stocks. Retail sales persons are staffs reporting to the Executive – Stores Operations. They take care of sales at various sales counters or sales zones.They are responsible for the packing and forwarding of the purchased books to the delivery department. 5. Inventory Department: Manager – Inventory heads the department. His span management includes procurement, warehouse management, inventory control, etc. He co ordinates with the Manager – Sales & marketing to ensure that the stock levels are maintained properly. Purchase assistant, a staff employee reports to the Manager – Inventory. He takes care of purchase order preparations, stock receipts, inward stocks verification, return of damaged stocks, etc. Stores assistant reports to the Manager – Inventory and he is a staff.He takes care of warehouse management, inventory control, documentation, etc. 6. Systems Department – Executive – Systems, is a line employee taking care of computer hardware, billing software, etc used by the organization. He reports to the COO. Co ordination Mechanism: The co ordination mechanism in such a book store is as follows. The Executive – Market research makes a thorough study of the market and prepares an adapted product mix. This is sent to the Manager – Inventory. The Stores assistant assesses the stock situation in the book store and the warehouse. He sends a stock report to the Manager – Inventory.Based on the market requirements and the stock situation, the Manager – Inventory prepares the Procurement plan. He directs the Purchase assistant to conduct purchases based on the procurement plan. This cycle repeats on a regular f requency. Comparison of a traditional book store and an online book store This is a traditional bookstore, operated by a traditional Hierarchical structure. The quantum of work involved is more and hence a relatively higher number of employees are employed. The information flows from the top level to the bottom level through paper correspondences or mail communications.These shops are slow in adapting to the market changes. The stocks are usually built and maintained based on the market forecasts. Hence, this type of stores usually carries a large inventory and hence requires a lot of space. This has a direct impact on the financial overheads. The book stores like â€Å"Barnes & Noble†, â€Å"Amazon† or â€Å"Border† are online bookstores since 90’s. They are E enabled business concerns. They make use of the web and the Information and communication Technology (ICT). Hierarchical flow of information is less. The flow of information is through digital mode and fast.They usually maintain low inventories. They take the order from the customers, procure the requirements from the suppliers and deliver them to the customers directly. Their inventory carrying costs are much lower. The quantum of work involved is less and the flow of information is more. The savings due to the reduction in the inventory levels are passed on to the customers. References 1. Electronic Commerce: Opportunities and Challenges by Syed Mahbubur Rahman, Mahesh Raisinghani 2. The E-Commerce Book by Steffano Korper and Juanita Ellis. 3. Electronic Commerce: The New Business Platform for the Internet by Debra Cameron

Factors and Hazards of Infant Development Essay

Two hazards I find important to avoid are alcohol consumption and addictive drugs. In this paper I will explain the importance of these three factors and hazards. The most important factor in an infant’s development is obtaining early prenatal care. Women should make an appointment as soon as she suspects she is pregnant (Marotz & Allen, 2012). It is not good to rely on home pregnancy tests because they are sometimes not accurate especially in the early days and weeks. A health care provider can determine if you’re pregnant or not on this visit. Also, on the visit any medical issues the mother has can be evaluated and treated (2012). As long as there is no issues mothers can be encouraged to do noncontact exercise. Exercise will help with weight gain, muscles, and believed the help with easier labor and delivery (2012). â€Å"A lack of prenatal care is often associated with an increased rate of medical complications, preterm births, low birth weight infants, fetal death, and disabilities† (p. 52). A very important hazard to avoid in infant development is alcohol consumption. This can have serious consequences for mother and fetus (Marotz & Allen, 2012). â€Å"Mothers who consume alcohol during pregnancy have a greater risk of miscarriages, still births, premature infants, and low-birth-weight infants. The incidence of fetal death is also significantly higher† (p. 58). According to Marots & Allen the mother and infant share a common circulatory system so they   3 both are affected by any alcohol that is consumed. The alcohol remains in the infants system longer than the mothers (2012). â€Å"Heavy or binge drinking is associated with a preventable condition known as fetal alcohol syndrome, which causes mental and growth retardation, behavior and learning problems, poor motor coordination, heart defects, characteristic facial deformities, and speech impairments† (p. 58-59). Another hazard to avoid is addictive drugs. Also chemicals have a major effect on development. Some of these include pesticides, fertilizers, prescriptions, nonprescription, and street drugs (Marotz & Allen, 2012). Some of the side effects of these drugs and chemicals are malformations, fetal death, premature birth, and lifelong behavior and learning disabilities (2012). â€Å"The nature and severity of an infant’s abnormalities seem to be influenced by the timing of exposure during fetal development, the amount and type of substance, the mother’s general state of health, and maternal and fetal genetics† (p. 60). Women should check with their health care provider before taking any prescription or nonprescription drugs to determine if it will be harmful for the infant. In infant development many factors and hazards are important. A woman must be very careful with everything she does. The three topics I discussed are very important to me. Seeking prenatal care will help in so many ways. The doctor can help to make sure you’re on the right track with development and also tell you what hazards to stay away from like alcohol consumption and addictive drugs and chemicals.